Logarithms

Logarithms rules

Rule	Formula
Product	$\ln(xy) = \ln(x) + \ln(y)$
Quotient	$\ln(\frac{x}{y}) = \ln(x) − \ln(y)$
Power	$\ln(x^y) = y\ln(x)$
Reciprocal	$\ln(\frac{1}{x}) = −\ln(x)$

Special cases

• $\ln(e) = 1$
• $ln(1) = 0$